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Youth and Social Norms – Just another WordPress site

Youth & NCD Digital Health Interventions

A library of research on how digital health interventions can engage youth in low- and middle-income countries to minimize their risks of noncommunicable diseases.

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Population Reference Bureau

1875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Suite 520
Washington, D.C. 20009

+1.800.877.9881
YouthandNCDs@prb.org

© 2025 Population Reference Bureau. All Rights Reserved.

This web feature was written by the Institute for Reproductive Health with volunteer experts through the YouthPower2 Learning and Evaluation Gender Community of Practice. Additional content review was provided by colleagues at IRH and UCSD.

This web feature was created by Karin Smith and Anneka Van Scoyoc of the Population Reference Bureau. Charlotte Greenbaum, Raquel Wojnar, and Rachel Yavinsky, all of PRB, provided review.

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About Passages

Older adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health behaviors vary based on an individual’s geographic setting in rural or urban areas, practice of polygamy, and couple and community education levels.

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What are social norms?

Older adolescents’ use of family planning methods, especially for spacing births, depend on a number of factors, which may affect men and women differently. Examples of factors that may be associated with variations in use of family planning for spacing births are:

The following factors have been categorized into the most relevant level of the socio-ecological framework1 for simplicity, although elements of each factor may be relevant to more than one category.

Individual

  •  Religion2
  • Migrant vs resident husbands3
  • Nomadic pastoralist women vs semi-nomadic pastoralist women4

Interpersonal

  • Couple and Community Education5
  • Polygamy6
  • Couple and Community Socio-economic Status7

Community
• Post-conflict Settings8
• Geographic Setting (Urban and Rural)9